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Most of us rally around the glory of the Allies' victory over the Nazis in World War II. The story is often told of how the good fight was won by an astonishing array of manpower and stunning tactics. However, what is often overlooked is how the intersection between Adolf Hitler's influential personality and his military strategy was critical in causing Germany to lose the war.
With an acute eye for detail and his use of clear prose, acclaimed military historian Bevin Alexander goes beyond counterfactual "What if?" history and explores for the first time just how close the Allies were to losing the war. Using beautifully detailed, newly designed maps, How Hitler Could Have Won World War II�� exquisitely illustrates the��important battles and how certain key movements and mistakes by Germany were crucial in determining the war's outcome. Alexander's harrowing study shows how only minor tactical changes in Hitler's military approach could have changed the world we live in today.
How Hitler Could Have Won World War II untangles some of the war's most confounding strategic questions, such as:
Why didn't the Nazis concentrate their enormous military power on the only three beaches upon which the Allies could launch their attack into Europe?
Why did the terrifying German panzers, on the brink of driving the British army into the sea in May 1940, halt their advance and allow the British to regroup and evacuate at Dunkirk?
With the chance to cut off the Soviet lifeline of oil, and therefore any hope of Allied victory from the east, why did Hitler insist on dividing and weakening his army, which ultimately led to the horrible battle of Stalingrad?
Ultimately, Alexander probes deeply into the crucial intersection between Hitler's psyche and military strategy and how his paranoia fatally overwhelmed his acute political shrewdness to answer the most terrifying question: Just how close were the Nazis to victory?
Why did Hitler insist on terror bombing London in the late summer of 1940, when the German air force was on the verge of destroying all of the RAF sector stations, England's last defense?
With the opportunity to drive the British out of Egypt and the Suez Canal and occupy all of the Middle East, therefore opening a Nazi door to the vast oil resources of the region, why did Hitler fail to move in just a few panzer divisions to handle such an easy but crucial maneuver?
On the verge of a last monumental effort and concentration of German power to seize Moscow and end Stalin's grip over the Eastern front, why did the Nazis divert their strength to bring about the far less important surrender of Kiev, thereby destroying any chance of ever conquering the Soviets?
From the Hardcover edition.
- Sales Rank: #280326 in Books
- Brand: Alexander, Bevin
- Published on: 2001-12-11
- Released on: 2001-12-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.11" h x .94" w x 6.10" l, 1.13 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 352 pages
Amazon.com Review
Adolf Hitler rose to political prominence by quickly identifying his opponents' weaknesses and turning them to his advantage. As a military leader, however, he rarely exercised the same talent for exploiting weak spots. Instead, he threw the bulk of his armies against his enemies' strongest positions, sacrificing much-needed forces at Stalingrad and Tobruk, among other places.
Had he done otherwise, writes Bevin Alexander, Hitler might well have carried the day. His strategy until mid-1940 had been flawless, Alexander argues: "He isolated and absorbed state after state in Europe, gained the Soviet Union as a willing ally, destroyed France's military power, threw the British off the Continent, and was left with only weak and vulnerable obstacles to an empire covering most of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East." After 1940, however, Hitler committed a legion of failures. Ignoring his field commanders' urging, he refused to commit armored divisions to seize the Suez Canal, which would have secured most of the Mediterranean and given the Third Reich easy access to oil. He diverted resources from the navy, allowing the Allies to gain control of the Atlantic Ocean and maintain nearly unbroken supply lines between the United States and Britain. And he weakened Germany's abilities to wage war by turning his armies' energies to carrying out the Final Solution. These and other miscalculations, Alexander suggests, cost the Reich many hard-won strategic advantages, and eventually any chance of victory.
Second-guessing history is an endeavor fraught with peril, and in any event, many historians have discounted the possibility that the Nazi regime could have emerged from global war undefeated. But Alexander's arguable exercise in counterfactuals soon gives way to a thoughtful, generally uncontroversial survey of the war in Europe, one that is of use to students of military history and tactics. --Gregory McNamee
From Publishers Weekly
Hitler's skills at spotting an opponent's weaknesses brought him an uninterrupted string of victories from the fall of Weimar in 1933 to the fall of France in 1940. Afterwards, argues Alexander (Robert E. Lee's Civil War), he began believing his own press clippings. Invading Russia became a recipe for defeat when Hitler insisted on simultaneously persecuting a population he could have won over and pursuing offensives without regard for the operational situation. Above all, Alexander continues, Hitler failed to see that Germany's way to victory led not through Moscow but through Cairo. Even a fraction of the resources squandered in Russia would have enabled Germany to create a Middle Eastern empire that would have forced the U.S.S.R. to remain neutral, marginalized Britain and kept the U.S. from projecting enough power across the Atlantic to invade the continent against an intact Wehrmacht. This is an often-rehashed, often refuted position. German scholars like Andreas Hillgruber and Gerhard Schreiber have successfully and painstakingly demonstrated that the Mediterranean was a strategic dead end, despite its seeming operational possibilities. As a counterpoint to Hitler's shortcomings as a war leader, Alexander offers the usual Wehrmacht heroesDRommel, Manstein, Guderian. In praising their operational achievements, however, he omits discussion of the generals' consistent collaboration with their f hrer in military matters, or about the absence of significant dissent throughout the war. Instead, Alexander accepts the generals' long-discredited argument that had Hitler been willing to listen to those who understood the craft of war, things might have been different. This one-sided perspective significantly limits the book's value to both specialists and general readers. (Dec. 5)
Copyright 2000 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
Alexander's 10 errors are hard to count exactly, but they may be summed up thus: between summer 1940 and fall 1941, Hitler threw away an overwhelming strategic superiority. He failed to eliminate the British when they were weakest and then launched a costly frontal attack on Russia. After 1942, the war was all downhill for Germany, and Alexander devotes the second half of the book to detailed discussions of campaigns of which alternate outcomes could only have lessened the magnitude of the German defeat, not led to German victory. Alexander's considerable warmth toward Rommel (to the point of hero worship) and, to a lesser extent, toward Patton may perplex many who hope to read more about Hitler, and still, this clear, well-researched book that draws on material from both sides of the Allied-Axis divide is by no means a bad introduction to the strategic analysis of World War II. Roland Green
Copyright � American Library Association. All rights reserved
Most helpful customer reviews
60 of 64 people found the following review helpful.
War and Peace-meal
By A Customer
Many people feel that D-Day was the decisive turning point of the war. Others feel that Barbarossa deserves that honor.
After reading this book, however, I tend to agree with the author that the African campaign now deserves the title of "the one that got away".
From a strategic standpoint the Mediterranean was ignored, not only by Hitler, but by most history-buffs as well. Even as late as 1943, had Hitler diverted attention from the Balkans and attacked Malta, moved into Egypt and grabbed the Suez - bye, bye England. Bye-bye launch pad for D-day. Even Churchill, who had a very acute eye for strategy, most of the time, felt that Africa was his biggest nightmare.
A point to remember when reading this book - it is not a 'what-if'. It is a lesson in defeat, basically, what it takes to lose a war. We all know Hitler's ideology and blind hatred of the Slavic people, in attacking Russia, cost him ultimate victory. What we don't always remember, or even want to admit, is that Germany had the greatest military the world had ever seen. Even in 1942, after the biggest chances for victory in Russia were over, the Wehrmacht was still capturing hundreds of thousands of Soviet prisoners in encirclement battles. Imagine if Hitler had listened to those that knew best. Of course, had he been a personality that listened to advice, chances are he would never have come to power in the first place. The ultimate conundrum.
39 of 41 people found the following review helpful.
How Bevin Alexander Could Have Won His Readers Attention
By Lawrence Kingsley
Despite my attempt at a witty review title, I did enjoy reading this book. I most say, however, that I am probably the poster child for the target audience of this book. I am a reader of mostly non-fiction with a predilection for military history, and I am a bit of a Germanophile, which I find to be common in other readers of the same bent. Also, I have played my share of wargames, and can appreciate, to some extent, how the Axis may have won WWII. So, I SHOULD really like this book. A whole lot. Well, I just can't say that I do. This book could have been better, and this is somewhat bothersome to me, as I think the author really missed what was an easy mark, and I was really looking forward to a good read. As other reviewers have said, Alexander wrote an excellent "big picture" overview, discussing several crucial points where the course of the war may have taken a different turn, occupying maybe a third of the book. Alexander then sinks into re-telling European WWII in extreme tactical detail, especially in his treatment of the North African and Italian theaters. This detail is actually interesting for what it is, and even somewhat on-point as it deals with Allied and German blunders which may have effected major battle outcomes, but it drags down the book. My attention began to wander and I kept waiting to get back to the what I thought was the thrust of the book - what Germany could have done to win the war. What I continually was presented with, however, was how the Allies failed to exploit some tactical victory somewhere, or mis-used their armor in some minor battle - a sort-of Allied "bloops and blunders" which simply indicated to me that Germany would have lost sooner, if not for these Allied mis-steps. That's not where I thought the book was going to take me, and not where I wanted to go. The book is a little schizophrenic, not really sure what it is trying to be. Alexander had a chance to write a good discussion of German "opportunities lost", with maybe some new insights, which is what his title suggests. He chose, instead, to write a battle diary with a really good forward. In spite of all this, I am glad I read the book, as I did enjoy Alexanders battle narratives and what insights into German strategic thinking he actually did provide. It is easy to capture my attention and interest with books of this genre, and Alexander comes close, at times, to maintaining my keen interest. He always seems to bog down, however, and forget his overall objective with this book. I am just disappointed Alexander, who is clearly quite capable, didn't provide the book I expected and to which I looked forward when I purchased it. I would still buy this book, I would just be prepared for the detailed battle accounts which wait like minefields to destroy your attention span.
50 of 55 people found the following review helpful.
Good overview
By Amazon Customer
This is a well written, easy to read, overview of the critical military decisions in Europe and North Africa during World War II. What it is not, as some might surmise from the title, is a "what if" text that reviews the alternative outcomes of the decisions not made.
The author does an excellent job of reviewing the various opinions offered Hitler by his various military advisors, and he does an excellent job of outlining their merits. Furthermore, at every turn he makes a compelling case for what he considers to have been the proper course of action. Unfortunately, Alexander frequently bogs down in narrative of the various battles, and loses his focus on the critical decisions not made. Furthermore, with a few notable exceptions, he generally does not project these alternate decisions into a long term view of the war.
This is an enjoyable little book, that offers an excellent overview of some of the critical German military decisions of WWII. However, anyone looking for a more serious work would do well to consider Murray & Millett's outstanding "A War to Be Won".
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